Chemistry

LMR (lithium manganese-rich) promises 33% more energy than LFP at LFP-like cost. GM and Ford plans, the voltage-fade catch, and LMR vs NMC explained.

LMFP vs LFP: is manganese-enhanced LFP worth it? LMFP adds 15–20% more energy density, better cold weather performance — but has shorter cycle life. Full comparison here.

How does nickel mining affect EV battery sustainability? Indonesian laterite mining creates real environmental burdens — but EVs still emit 50–70% less than gasoline over their lifetime. Full sustainability guide.

Which EV battery chemistry is most recyclable? NMC wins on economic value ($2,000/pack); LFP wins on technical recovery rates (95%+) and second-life potential. Full recycling comparison guide.

Battery chemistry is the biggest lever on EV battery cost: the cathode alone is a third of pack price. NMC vs LFP vs sodium-ion — BNEF and Argonne data.

What is dry electrode battery manufacturing? Tesla’s solvent-free PTFE process eliminates NMP, cuts energy 90%, enables thicker electrodes. Full guide to how dry electrode works and why scaling is hard.

Almost every Hyundai and Kia EV sold in the US runs on NMC pouch cells — but not from one supplier. SK On feeds most models, LG powers the Ioniq 6, CATL supplies the Kona and Niro EV, and LFP appears in none of them. The per-model map, sourced from Hyundai’s own supplier disclosure.

What battery chemistry does Rivian use? NCMA/NMC from Samsung SDI in Large and Max packs; LFP in Standard packs. R2 uses LG Energy Solution 4695 cells. Full Rivian battery chemistry guide 2025–2026.

Which battery chemistry VW uses: US ID.4s run SK On NMC cells, imports LGES; CATL is China-only. Plus PowerCo’s Unified Cell and the LFP timeline.

GM’s Ultium chemistry is NCMA today, LFP from 2027 and LMR prismatic in 2028 — plus why GM dropped the Ultium name and exited the Samsung plant deal.